Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Removal Efficiencies in Algae-Based vs. Chemical Remediation Systems

Abstract

This manuscript presents a comparative analysis of heavy metal removal efficiencies between algae-based and chemical remediation systems. Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments poses significant ecological and health risks, making effective remediation crucial. Algae-based systems, as biological treatments, have gained attention due to their low cost, sustainability, and efficiency in removing a variety of metals. In contrast, chemical remediation methods, while effective, often come with high operational costs and environmental concerns. This study synthesizes existing literature, evaluates different algae species used in remediation, compares removal efficiencies across algaebased and chemical methods, and discusses the environmental implications of each system. Results from various experimental studies reveal that algae-based systems can match or outperform traditional chemical processes in certain contexts, offering a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for heavy metal decontamination. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for the practical application of algaebased systems in real-world scenarios and areas for future research.